Laser cleaning uses different processes that create a kind of gas layer between the substrate and contaminant. This gas layer causes the contaminants to separate from the subsurface. Because of the short-lived light pulses, the subsurface gets little or no heat. Laser cleaning causes no damage to the substrate, there is no secondary waste and it can be applied in places that are difficult to reach. Finally, it also ensures the safe removal of toxic substances. It is a human and environmentally friendly technology.

Laser cleaning may be used for a wide variety of different reasons, such as to: